name | Amanita elongata |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | Peck |
english name | "Peck's Yellow Dust Amanita" |
images | |
cap |
The cap of this species is 33 - 45 mm wide and usually a vivid yellow, sometimes orange-yellow, occasionally yellow with an irregular orange area near or over the center, broadly bell-shaped to convex to plano-convex. The flesh is up to 4 mm thick above the stem. The margin is nonstriate (except possibly in age) and nonappendiculate. The volva is absent or randomly distributed in crumb-like, floccose warts; these are easily removed and yellow. |
gills |
The gills are free, subcrowded to crowded, off-white to cream in mass, pale cream in side view, up to 3 mm broad, with a white edge despite the yellow pigment in the annulus. |
stem |
The stem is up to 110 × 4 - 10 mm, white (except occasionally above the annulus), narrowing upward, barely flaring at the apex, finely fibrillose below the annulus, finely pruinose above the annulus. The flesh of the stem is white, solid in part, stuffed in part, with a central cylinder up to 4 mm wide. The stipe's bulb is fusiform to ellipsoid to subclavate to subnapiform and up to 20 × 13 mm. The annulus is superior, small, skirt-like, pale yellow to yellow (rarely whitish) and striate above. The lower side of the annulus is smooth closer to the color of the volva of which some remnants may remain below the annulus' edge. The volva is yellow, friable, and often found in sparse fragments around the bulb or on the lower stem. Alternatively, the volva may take the form of a slight limb at the base of the stem or may be difficult to locate or left in the soil when the mushroom is collected. |
odor/taste |
Amanita elongata has no distinct odor. |
spores |
The spores measure (6.8-) 7.5 - 10.5 (-12.5) × (4.0-) 5.0 - 6.9 (-8.7) µm and are ellipsoid (infrequently elongate, infrequently broadly ellipsoid) and amyloid. Clamps are absent from bases of basidia. |
discussion |
This species can usually be easily distinguished in the field from its probable close relative Amanita flavoconia G. F. Atk. var. flavoconia because of its white stem and its often nearly pure yellow cap. The stem, however, may infrequently have a pale yellow region above the annulus; and the cap may infrequently have an irregular small area of orange near the center or even be as strongly orange-yellow as in the picture on the right, above. The larger, narrower spores of A. elongata are the deciding factor in determining these cases. The species has been largely ignored in the literature, The species is known from conifer and oak forests in southeastern Canada at least as far north as the Island of Newfoundland (boreal forest in Gros Morne Nat. Pk.) and the northeastern USA at least as far south as the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and the mountains of western South Carolina (pine-oak forest). It may be more common in the northern half of that range; I have found and been given a number of collections from Maine and Newfoundland. Beech (Betula) may also be a symbiont of this species. For a set of similar taxa, see the list of species provided for Amanita flavoconia var. flavoconia. Of the taxa listed on that page, the most similar to the present species seems to be A. flavivolva Murrill.—R. E. Tulloss |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita elongata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
author | Peck. 1909a. New York State Mus. Bull. 131: 33. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
english name | "Peck's Yellow Dust Amanita" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
etymology | elongatus, "elongate" [here, in reference to the proportional size of the stipe] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
MycoBank nos. | 211250 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
GenBank nos. |
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holotypes | NYS (implicit) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
type studies | Jenkins. 1978a. Mycotaxon 7: 29. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
revisions | Tulloss, here | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is derived from the protolog of the present species, original research of R. E. Tulloss, and the work of other researchers as indicated. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileus | 33 - 45 mm wide, vivid yellow to orange-yellow, occasionally yellow with some orange in area of disk, broadly campanulate to convex to plano-convex, tacky, dull; context ??, 4 mm thick at stipe, thinning evenly to the margin; margin nonstriate at first, occasionally becoming striate in age, nonappendiculate, incurved at first, later decurved; universal veil absent or in randomly distributed crumb-like floccose warts, detersile, yellow. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamellae | free, without decurrent line on stipe apex, subcrowded to crowded, off-white to cream in mass, pale cream in side view, with white edge (lens) even though annulus and stipe apex both yellow, 3 mm broad; lamellulae attenuate. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
stipe | 110 × 4 - 10 mm, white except sometimes yellow above annulus, unchanging when cut or bruised, narrowing upward, barely flaring at apex, finely fibrillose below annulus, finely pruinose above annulus; context white, unchanging when cut or bruised, stuffed below, solid above, with stuffed portion having 4 mm wide central cylinder; bulb fusiform to ellipsoid to subclavate to subnapiform, up to 20 × 13 mm; partial veil superior, small, skirt-like, pale yellow to yellow (infrequently white?) and striate on upper surface, underside deeper yellow than upper surface and smooth, eventually collapsing on stipe, with slightly thickened yellow edge; universal veil as easily dissociated friable fragments or slight limb, yellow, sometimes sparse, often left in substrate during collection. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
odor/taste | Odor indistinct. Taste not recorded. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
macrochemical tests |
none recorded?? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
subhymenium | cellular (pseudoparenchymatous); ??. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidia | ??; clamps not observed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidiospores |
from type study of Jenkins (1978a): [-/-/1] 7.8 - 9.4 × 5.5 - 6.2 μm, (Q = 1.42 - 1.71; Q' = 1.51), hyaline, thin-walled amyloid, ellipsoid to elongate, often adaxially flattened; apiculus sublateral, tuncate-conic; contents guttulate;
color in deposit not recorded. Composite data from all material revised by RET: [133/7/7] (6.8-) 7.5 - 10.5 (-12.5) × (4.0-) 5.0 - 6.9 (-8.7) µm, (L = 7.9 - 9.6 µm; L’ = 8.7 µm; W = 5.3 - 6.4 µm; W’ = 5.8 µm; Q = (1.21-) 1.33 - 1.70 (-1.81); Q = 1.45 - 1.58; Q’ = 1.51), hyaline, colorless, with very thin walls, smooth, amyloid, ellipsoid to elongate, adaxially flattened, sometimes with one end expanded, occasionally “giant”; apiculus sublateral, cylindric; contents granular to monoguttulate with additional small granules; white in deposit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ecology | Solitary to subgregarious. Maine: In loam. New Jersey: In loam with Acer rubrum, Betula appalachiensis, Carya sp., and Fagus grandifolia. Newfoundland & Labrador: In woods dominated by conifers on sandy soil with plentiful moss. South Carolina: In red clay of mixed forest including A. rubrum, Carya ovata, Cornus florida, Ilex opaca, Juniperus virginiana, Quercus bicolor, Q. marilandica, Q. nuttallii, Pinus echinata, and palmetto. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
material examined |
from type study of Jenkins (1978a): U.S.A.: PENNSYLVANIA—Unkn. Co. - unkn. loc., vii.1907 E. B. Sterling s.n. (holotype, NY). CANADA: NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR—Isl. of Newfoundland - GMNP, McKenzies Brk., 4.x.2003 Isabelle Schmelzer s.n. [Tulloss 10-4-03-A] (RET 370-6); GMNP, “Foray 5,” 18.ix.2004 Jack Green s.n. [Tulloss 9-18-04-A] (HKAS; RET 384-5, nrITS & nrLSU seq'd.); GMNP, lower Green Gardens Tr., 2.ix.2005 Judy May & R. E. Tulloss 9-2-05-A (RET 388-4); Sandy Pt. Isl., 27.vii.2003 A. Voitk #3 (in herb. Dr. A. Voitk; RET 369-2). U.S.A.: CONNECTICUT—Litchfield Co. - Washington Twp., ca. Washington, Steep Rock Pk., 24.vii.1992 Lynn Payer s.n. [Tulloss 7-24-92-B] (RET 066-6).. MAINE—Cumberland Co. - Falmouth, Atherton Woods, 12.viii.1990 Samuel S. Ristich s.n. [Tulloss 8-12-90-SSR1] (RET ??). Penobscot Co. - Orono, University of Maine, 10.viii.1991 NEMF91 foray participant s.n. [Tulloss 8-10-91-D] (RET ??), s.n. [Tulloss 8-10-91-G] (RET 031-6); Orono, County Rd. 13.viii.1983 M. A. King s.n. [Tulloss 8-13-83-D] (RET 105-9). MARYLAND—Worcester Co. - 8 km W of Furnace Town Hist. Pk. on Forrest Rd., 14.vi.2006 L. T. Biechele s.n. (RET 391-1). MASSACHUSETTS—Berkshire Co. - N. Adams, 16.viii.1986 Audrey & Neal Macdonald s.n. [Tulloss 8-16-86-I] (RET 079-7). Essex Co. - Boxford St. For., 8.ix.1990 Peabody Mus. of Salem foray participant s.n. [Tulloss 9-8-90-C] (RET 009-2). NEW HAMPSHIRE—Cheshire Co. - Rhododendron St. Pk., 17.viii.1989 NEMF89 participant s.n. [Tulloss 8-17-89-A] (RET 246-1). NEW JERSEY—Mercer Co. - Hopewell, off Carter Rd., woods behind AT&T/Lucent research labs [40°21’39” N/ 74°43’29” W, 63 m], 1.viii.1986 R. E. Tulloss 8-1-86-G (RET 137-10). Middlesex Co. - Jamesburg Twp., Jamesburg Twp. Pk., ca. Helmetta [40°23’07” N/ 74°25’48” W], 4.viii.1990 Florence Guberman s.n. [Tulloss 8-4-90-M] (RET 112-9). Monmouth Co. - ca. Roosevelt, Assunpink Wildlife Management Area [40°12’36” N/ 74°28’42” W], 8.ix.1999 M. A. & R. E. Tulloss 9-8-99-J (RET 296-6); Shark River Co. Pk. [40°12’18” N/ 74°05’44” W, 16 m], 19.viii.2011 L. K., M. A., O. C. & R. E. Tulloss & C. Rodríguez Caycedo [Tulloss] 8-19-11-I (RET 485-5). Morris Co. - Mendham, Meadowood Twp. Pk. [40°47'31" N/ 74°38'43" W, 214 m], 27.vii.1986 M.A. King s.n. [Tulloss 7-27-86-F] (RET 137-9). NEW YORK—Dutchess Co. - ca. Stissing Mtn., more.... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
discussion |
The following figure provides a comparison of sporographs for A. elongata and A. flavoconia: What must have been hypomycized individuals were a part of Tulloss 8-10-91-D; and during the 1991 NEMF in Maine, a number of hypomycized individuals appeared on the display tables The yellow pigment of the pileus and of the volval patches at the stipe base was incorporated into the hypomycized basidiomes. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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name | Amanita elongata |
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name | Amanita elongata |
bottom links |
[ Section Validae page. ]
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[ Keys & Checklists ] |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.